New Zealand Propolis

The only provider for CAPE testing in Propolis across New Zealand

What is CAPE?

CAPE which stands for Caffeic Acid Phenylethyl Ester, is a natural compound found in propolis, a substance produced by bees.

It is formed in propolis through bee-mediated enzymatic esterification of caffeic acid and phenethyl alcohol, sourced from plant resins (e.g., poplar buds in temperate regions). Bee salivary enzymes likely catalyze this process, though the exact mechanisms are not fully elucidated.

CAPE has been studied for its potential to affect melanoma skin cells. Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer, and CAPE shows promise in lab settings for targeting these cells, but its real-world effectiveness is still being explored.

Mechanisms of Action

CAPE appears to work by selectively targeting melanoma cells that express tyrosinase, an enzyme linked to melanin production. It increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative stress, and depletes glutathione, a key antioxidant, leading to cell death. Additionally, CAPE may inhibit certain survival pathways, like PI3K/AKT/XIAP, which could help slow tumour growth.

Current Research and Limitations

Most studies are done in labs using cell lines or in mice, showing CAPE can suppress melanoma growth. However, human clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects. The research suggests CAPE might be more effective against specific melanoma types, but more work is needed to understand its full potential and any side effects.

Key Citations

Flavonoids in Propolis

Propolis is rich in flavonoids, which are key contributors to its biological activity, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The exact composition varies depending on geographic origin, plant sources, and bee species. The flavonoids PAQ Laboratories tests for which are commonly found in NZ propolis include, Chrysin, Galangin and Pinocembrin.